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市场变了!FPGA厂商加速向DSP领域渗透
Xingyn | 2007-07-25 08:28:42    阅读:80066   发布文章

  进入2007年FPGA厂商的市场目标似乎突然转向了,不再是以往反复提及的取代传统ASIC,而是加速向DSP领域渗透。这种趋势在FPGA双雄赛灵思和Altera最近几次的新品推介会上表现的非常明显。DSP已存在很多年了,为什么FPGA厂商今天才喊出进军DSP?市场到底发生了什么变化?

FPGA也可以做信号处理

  DSP表示的是数字信号处理,它并不代表某一种芯片,而很多人可能会把它联想为其它的DSP芯片,实际上数字信号处理有很多种不同的解决方法。赛灵思中国区运营总经理兼亚太区处理解决方案部总监吴晓东表示,“做数字信号处理可以拿普通的DSP,也可以拿普通的MCU,FPGA也可以做数字信号处理”,赛灵思日前在北京发布了其新品Spartan-DSP系列,并宣布该系列产品的目标市场就是在处理诸如像多通道、高清、实时、复杂运算等对并行处理能力要求很高的应用环境中,用FPGA加DSP的设计来取代选用多个DSP的方案,在这里FPGA相当于协处理器功能。

  吴晓东解释说,FPGA做数字处理的特点是它的并行架构,普通的DSP做数字信号处理主要用一个单元,这里面包括一个高性能的单元可以跑到几个G的数字,但是请注意到它是一个单元,当做比较复杂的运算时就可能来回循环几百次才可以完成,因此它的速度反而并不很快。FPGA是一个天生的并行处理结构,在一颗FPGA中包含有几百个单元,赛灵思的芯片中最多可以有640个MAC单元,所以它的性能是非常高的。

FPGA和DSP:互补?还是取代?

  FPGA厂商之所以发现一个新的市场机会,是因为客户的需求近年发生了变化。举例而言,在监控和视频应用方面,金融、交通等行业用户对图像的质量要求越来越高,因为图像不清楚的时候,如果一个犯罪分子到银行抢钱的话,通过监控系统获得的图像很难判别这个人的相貌。现在用户对安防的要求包括了增强图像,做人脸识别,运动估计等,所以标清转高清,单通道转八通道,非实时转到实时等,“这样的应用环境,普通的DSP就很难实现,除非你用4片、8片或16片的DSP一起来做处理,但这样处理肯定不如一个FPGA的处理成本更加完美,所以在这个应用领域上来讲,我们认为Spartan—DSP有一个非常大的潜力。”吴晓东表示。

  随着目前运算的越来越复杂,标准的变化,对于高清、多通道、实时要求越来越高,会有越来越多的用户用FPGA实施处理。吴晓东认为FPGA和DSP是互相弥合的,尤其体现在诸如逻辑的复用和合并,需要新的外设和不同带宽总线实现的时候,此时用FPGA实现数字信号处理给用户一个很大的灵活性,同时FPGA的并行处理的能力非常强大,可以帮助DSP做很多性能加速解决它超负载的作用。他强调说,“在这方面我们和TI有一种共识,双方在很多方面是相互弥补,共同给客户提供一个更好的解决方案。”

DSP向多核和可编程发展

  不过,传统的DSP厂商象TI和ADI等在用另一种思路来回应市场需求的变化(复杂运算),他们的办法是推出可编程的DSP,并且宣示将推动DSP向多核发展,未来的DSP可能包括几十个甚至几百个小的DSP核,以增强他的处理能力。对此,吴晓东表示,多核DSP尚没有经过用户的验证,多核也许是个不错的思路,但多核后可能成本又上去了,另外各核之间能否很好的通讯也是个技术难题。而FPGA是经过用户多年使用验证的。至于可编程, DSP能做的只是软件可编程,FPGA是硬件编程。

  FPGA向DSP领地的渗透已成为倍受业界关注的热点,前不久,美国一家第三方数据测试评估公司BDTI专门出版了一本书《FPGA用作DSP》,“这是一家非常有公信力的第三方公司,一般大的通讯厂选择器件时都会通过这家公司询问,作为一个中立的评估。”吴晓东表示。该书强调数字信号处理有不同解决方案,在无线基站等高性能DSP应用中,考虑将FPGA用作处理引擎者日益增多。在这些应用中,FPGA即可与DSP处理器一争高下,亦可与之比翼齐飞。BDTI还表示,信号处理引擎之间的竞争日渐激烈,计划在这些领域作进一步分析,并且将继续评价新型FPGA和DSP的信号处理能力。

  吴晓东强调说“FPGA和DSP会互补,并存,我们并没有去强调我们去取代DSP,因为它本身是串行结构,FPGA是并行结构,很多情况下两者都会用到,怎么把软和硬达到最佳效果这取决于客户自己的习惯,客户会首先考虑用DSP。原因是在过去历史上很多工程师用DSP做了软件的设计,他熟悉DSP,以及DSP芯片工具灵活容易使用,所以在很多情况下,客户都会主动的先去选DSP。但是工程师逐渐发现它有一个瓶颈以及性能各个方面有一个不能解决的困扰,所以客户也在研究更好的架构和处理方法,这样造成最近几年FPGA加DSP互补结构,这是一种最优化的架构,越来越被广泛使用和接受。”

小资料

赛灵思SPARTAN-DSP系列

  赛灵思前不久宣布推出首个低成本SPARTAN-DSP系列产品SPARTAN 3A-DSP,该款产品针对无线、视频和消费应用而优化,价格不到30美元,提供了高达20GMACS(每秒十亿次乘法累计)的DSP功能。与市场上最接近的同类产品相比,其动态功耗降低50%。SPARTAN-3A DSP平台的两款器件3SD3400A和3SD1800A分别可以提供超过30GMACS/2200 Gbps存储器带宽。SPARTAN-3A DSP架构的核心是新的成本优化的 XtremeDSP逻辑片(DSP48A),可支持设计人员实现许多独立的算法功能。该架构还支持将多个DSP48A逻辑片连接起来完成输入数学运算功能、DSP滤波器以及复杂算术功能,不需要使用通用逻辑构造资源。

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